These evaluations typically assess the following: intellectual capacity (IQ), attention, memory, reasoning, impulsivity, sensory and motor skills; perception, executive functions; anxiety and mood; reading, mathematics, and written language skills. These evaluations help clarify cognitive deficits due to learning disabilities, such as reading, writing and language disorders, head injuries, neurological or psychological conditions that affect thinking and behavior and provide the information necessarily to make a proper diagnosis.

A psychoeducational evaluation is similar to a neuropsychological evaluation only less comprehensive. Sometimes the difference is semantic. The most important thing is for an evaluator to use the proper assessment tools necessary to answer the reason for referral, make a diagnosis, clarify what the problems is, and make appropriate recommendations.

The most common disabilities identified by neuropsychological evaluations include:
Attention deficit disorder, dyslexia, dysgraphia, dyspraxia, mathematics related disorders, communication disorders, ASD, anxiety related disorders, mood related disorders.

A good psychologist should know how to differentiate for example, anxiety from attention deficit, a language disorder from a spectrum disorder and a learning disability from educational gaps.